feat: add tar.md (#134)
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@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ Quick Reference
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[YUM](./docs/yum.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(86 86 123/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
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[YUM](./docs/yum.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(86 86 123/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
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[CMD](./docs/cmd.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(99 99 99/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
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[CMD](./docs/cmd.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(99 99 99/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
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[APT](./docs/apt.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(30 144 255/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
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[APT](./docs/apt.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(30 144 255/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
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[tar](./docs/tar.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(215 89 62/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
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<!--rehype:class=home-card-->
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<!--rehype:class=home-card-->
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## 其它
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## 其它
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docs/tar.md
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docs/tar.md
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tar 备忘清单
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===
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这是 tar 常用命令的快速参考备忘单。
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入门
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----
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### 介绍
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在Linux平台上，`tar` 命令是主要的归档实用程序。了解各种 `tar` 命令选项将帮助您掌握归档文件操作。`tar` 代表磁带存档。
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以前 unix 系统管理员使用 `tar` 执行磁带机备份。`tar` 命令用于获取文件和目录的集合，并生成高度压缩的归档文件，在Linux中通常称为 `tarball` 或 `tar`、`gzip` 和 `bzip`。
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#### 语法
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```shell
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tar [-ABcdgGhiklmMoOpPrRsStuUvwWxzZ][-C <目的目录>][-f <备份文件>][--delete][--totals][文件或目录...]
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```
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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### 选项
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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:- | -
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:- | -
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`-c` | 建立新的备份文件
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`-C` | 切换到指定的目录
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`-d` | 对比备份文件内和文件系统上的文件的差异
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`-x` | 解压缩归档文件
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`-v` | 显示指令执行过程
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`-f` | 指定归档文件的文件名
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`-t` | 查看归档文件内容
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`-j` | 通过 bzip2 指令处理备份文件
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`-z` | 通过 gzip 指令处理备份文件
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`-r` | 向现有存档文件追加或更新文件或目录
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`-W` | 验证归档文件
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`--totals` | 备份文件建立后，列出文件大小
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`--delete` | 从备份文件中删除指定的文件
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`--wildcards` | 在 unix tar 命令中指定匹配模式
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### 创建一个 tar 格式的压缩文件
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在当前工作目录的 `/home/cyberpunk/testdir` 目录下创建一个名为 `archive.tar` 的 `tar` 归档文件:
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```shell
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tar -cvf archive.tar /home/cyberpunk/testdir/
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.sh
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.tar
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```
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本例中使用的选项有:
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:- | -
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:- | -
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`-c` | 建立新的备份文件
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`-v` | 显示指令执行过程
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`-f` | 指定归档文件的文件名
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### 创建压缩后的 `tar.gz` 存档文件
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要创建一个压缩的 `gzip` 归档文件，我们需要使用选项 `z` 。
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```shell
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tar cvzf compressedArchive.tar.gz /home/cyberpunk/testdir
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.jpg
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.png
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```
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本例中使用的选项有:
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:- | -
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:- | -
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`-c` | 建立新的备份文件
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`-v` | 显示指令执行过程
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`-f` | 指定归档文件的文件名
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`-z` | 通过 `gzip` 指令处理备份文件
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### 生成压缩率更高的 `tar.bz2` 文件
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`tar` 的 `bz2` 压缩，可以创建比 `gzip` 文件小的归档。`Bz2` 模式执行归档压缩和解压所需的时间比 `gzip` 模式多。通常，这个时间差可以忽略不计，但如果文件非常打，或者是文件数量非常多，那么时间差就会非常大。
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```shell
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tar cvfj Archive.tar.bz2 /home/cyberpunk/testdir
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.txt
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```
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本例中使用的选项有:
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:- | -
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:- | -
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`-c` | 建立新的备份文件
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`-v` | 显示指令执行过程
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`-f` | 指定归档文件的文件名
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`-j` | 通过 bzip2 指令处理备份文件
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### 解压缩 tar 文件
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要解压缩(提取)一个tar文件，将 `x` (提取)选项传递给该命令
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使用不带 `-C` 选项的命令将在当前工作目录中提取存档。`-C` 选项告诉命令在哪里提取存档文件。
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```shell
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tar -xvf Archive.tar -C /home/cyberpunk/testdir/
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.txt
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```
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本例中使用的选项有:
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:- | -
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:- | -
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`-x` | 解压缩归档文件
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`-v` | 显示指令执行过程
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`-f` | 指定归档文件的文件名
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### 解压缩 tar.gz 文件
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小知识：使用 `tar` 命令创建的所有归档文件，都可以以相同的方式提取。
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```shell
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tar -xvf Archive.tar.gz
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.txt
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```
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本例中使用的选项有:
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:- | -
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:- | -
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`-x` | 解压缩归档文件
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`-v` | 显示指令执行过程
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`-f` | 指定归档文件的文件名
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### 解压缩 tar.bz2 文件
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小知识：使用 `tar` 命令创建的所有归档文件，都可以以相同的方式提取。
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```shell
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tar -xvf Archive.tar.bz2
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.txt
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```
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本例中使用的选项有:
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:- | -
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:- | -
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`-x` | 解压缩归档文件
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`-v` | 显示指令执行过程
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`-f` | 指定归档文件的文件名
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### 列出归档内容
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-1 row-span-2-->
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使用 `t` 选项列出 `tar` 归档文件的内容:
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```shell
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# tar -tvf uploadprogress.tar
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-rwxr--r-- root/root 1111 2014-10-19 12:33:42 file1.txt
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-rwxr--r-- root/root 1111 2014-10-19 12:33:42 file2.txt
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-rwxr--r-- root/root 1111 2014-10-19 12:33:42 file3.txt
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-rwxr--r-- root/root 1111 2014-10-19 12:33:42 file4.txt
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```
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本例中使用的选项有:
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:- | -
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:- | -
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`-t` | 查看归档文件内容
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`-v` | 显示指令执行过程
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`-f` | 指定归档文件的文件名
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### 从 tar 归档文件中提取单个文件
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```shell
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tar --extract --file=archive.tar file1.txt
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file1.txt
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```
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### 从 tar 归档文件中提取多个文件
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```shell
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tar -xvf Archive.tar "file 1" "file 2"
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```
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### 使用通配符提取文件组
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```shell
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# tar -xvf Archive.tar --wildcards *.txt'
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.txt
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/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.txt
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```
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### 添加文件或目录到 tar 存档中
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要向现有的 `tar` 文件中添加文件或目录，可以使用 `r` 选项。例如，我们将 `xyz.txt` 文件和 `php` 目录添加到现有的 `tecmint-14-09-12.tar` 归档文件中。
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```shell
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# tar -rvf Archive.tar xyz.txt #add file
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or
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# tar -rvf Archive.tar php # add directory
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```
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另见
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----
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[Linux Tar Commands Cheatsheet](https://neverendingsecurity.wordpress.com/2015/04/13/linux-tar-commands-cheatsheet/)
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27
scripts/assets/tar.svg
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27
scripts/assets/tar.svg
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<!-- Generator: Adobe Illustrator 19.0.0, SVG Export Plug-In . SVG Version: 6.00 Build 0) -->
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<svg version="1.1" id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"
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viewBox="0 0 48 48" style="enable-background:new 0 0 48 48;" xml:space="preserve">
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<g>
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<g>
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<path d="M47.987,21.938c-0.006-0.091-0.023-0.178-0.053-0.264c-0.011-0.032-0.019-0.063-0.033-0.094
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c-0.048-0.104-0.109-0.202-0.193-0.285c-0.001-0.001-0.001-0.001-0.001-0.001L42,15.586V10c0-0.022-0.011-0.041-0.013-0.063
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c-0.006-0.088-0.023-0.173-0.051-0.257c-0.011-0.032-0.019-0.063-0.034-0.094c-0.049-0.106-0.11-0.207-0.196-0.293l-9-9
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c-0.086-0.086-0.187-0.148-0.294-0.196c-0.03-0.014-0.06-0.022-0.091-0.032c-0.085-0.03-0.172-0.047-0.263-0.052
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C32.039,0.01,32.021,0,32,0H7C6.448,0,6,0.448,6,1v14.586l-5.707,5.707c0,0-0.001,0.001-0.002,0.002
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c-0.084,0.084-0.144,0.182-0.192,0.285c-0.014,0.031-0.022,0.062-0.033,0.094c-0.03,0.086-0.048,0.173-0.053,0.264
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C0.011,21.96,0,21.978,0,22v19c0,0.552,0.448,1,1,1h5v5c0,0.552,0.448,1,1,1h34c0.552,0,1-0.448,1-1v-5h5c0.552,0,1-0.448,1-1V22
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C48,21.978,47.989,21.96,47.987,21.938z M44.586,21H42v-2.586L44.586,21z M38.586,9H33V3.414L38.586,9z M8,2h23v8
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c0,0.552,0.448,1,1,1h8v5v5H8v-5V2z M6,18.414V21H3.414L6,18.414z M40,46H8v-4h32V46z M46,40H2V23h5h34h5V40z"/>
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<path d="M33.86,32.143c0.221-0.153,0.422-0.354,0.604-0.603c0.181-0.249,0.332-0.552,0.451-0.91
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c0.119-0.357,0.179-0.767,0.179-1.232c0-0.601-0.085-1.116-0.255-1.547c-0.17-0.431-0.405-0.788-0.706-1.071
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c-0.3-0.283-0.66-0.49-1.079-0.621c-0.419-0.13-0.878-0.195-1.377-0.195h-3.434V38h1.972v-5.134h1.139L33.222,38h2.142
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l-2.159-5.542C33.421,32.401,33.639,32.297,33.86,32.143z M32.602,30.902c-0.323,0.312-0.734,0.468-1.233,0.468h-1.156v-3.706
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h1.156c0.204,0,0.408,0.028,0.612,0.085s0.388,0.153,0.552,0.289s0.298,0.323,0.4,0.561s0.153,0.538,0.153,0.901
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C33.086,30.123,32.925,30.591,32.602,30.902z"/>
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<path d="M21.441,25.964L18.449,38h2.04l0.612-2.55h3.162L24.858,38h2.125l-2.941-12.036H21.441z M21.357,33.852l1.309-5.967h0.068
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l1.275,5.967H21.357z"/>
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<polygon points="18.756,25.964 12.227,25.964 12.227,27.698 14.488,27.698 14.488,38 16.494,38 16.494,27.698 18.756,27.698 "/>
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</g>
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</g>
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</svg>
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 2.3 KiB |
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